肖克权,范小丫,高凤仙

• 1:湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院
• 2:湖南畜禽安全生产协同创新中心

摘要(Abstract)：

随着集约规模化养猪业的发展,实际生产中为了便于集中管理和降低养殖成本,通常会增加猪群的饲养密度,而不合理的饲养密度将导致猪只应激水平加强,机体免疫功能、抗氧化功能、肠道稳态等遭到破坏,进而影响猪群生长性能及繁殖性能的发挥。文中就饲养密度对猪群生产性能及猪群健康的影响进行综述,为提高生猪养殖的经济效益提供科学依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 猪;饲养密度;生产性能;健康

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500506)

作者(Author): 肖克权,范小丫,高凤仙

DOI: 10.13326/j.jea.2018.1299

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Beauchamp G. Group-size effects on vigilance:a search for mechanisms[J].Behavioural Processes,2003,63(3):141.
• [2] Maes D G,Deluyker H,Verdonck M,et al. Non-infectious factors associated with macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish herds[J]. The Veterinary Record,2001,148(2):41-46.
• [3] Fu L,Li H,Liang T,et al.Stocking density affects welfare indicators of growing pigs of different group sizes after regrouping[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2016,174:42-50.
• [4] Thomsen L E,Mejer H,Wendt S,et al.The influence of stocking rate on transmission of helminth parasites in pigs on permanent pasture during two consecutive summers[J]. Veterinary Parasitology,2001,99(2):129-146.
• [5]李雪,陈凤鸣,熊霞,等.饲养密度对猪群健康和猪舍环境的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2245-2251.
• [6] Wolter B F,Ellis M,De Decker J M,et al. Effects of double stocking and weighing frequency on pig performance in weanto-finish production systems[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(6):1442-1450.
• [7] Honeyman M S,Harmon J D.Performance of finishing pigs in hoop structures and confinement during winter and summer[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(7):1663-1670.
• [8]中华人民共和国农业部.标准化规模养猪场建设规范:NY/T 1568―2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
• [9] Kim K H,Cho E S,Kim K S,et al.Effects of stocking density on growth performance,carcass grade and immunity of pigs housed in sawdust fermentative pigsties[J]. South African Journal of Animal Science,2016,46(3):294-301.
• [10] Stojanac N,Stevan?evi?O,Potkonjak A,et al.The impact of space allowance on productivity performance and Salmonella spp.shedding in nursery pigs[J].Livestock Science,2014,164(1):149-153.
• [11]周明,张永云,罗忠宝,等.饲养密度对猪行为表现和福利水平的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(3):93-95.
• [12]庄鲁,陈善华,欧林,等.玩具和饲养密度对生长猪采食习性和生长性能的影响[J].养猪,2017(4):87-88.
• [13] Be K E,Berg S,Andersen I L. Resting behaviour and displacements in ewes—effects of reduced lying space and pen shape[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2006,98(3):249-259.
• [14]雷彬,宋忠旭,孙华,等.不同饲养密度下猪的采食规律研究[J].养猪,2015(5):47-48.
• [15] Cornale P,Macchi E,Miretti S,et al. Effects of stocking density and environmental enrichment on behavior and fecal corticosteroids levels of pigs under commercial farm conditions[J]. Journal of Veterinary Behavior Clinical Applications&Research,2015,10(6):569-576.
• [16] Callahan S R,Cross A J,Dedecker A E,et al.Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on growth,physiology,and hematology in replacement gilts[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(1):201-211.
• [17]付玲玲.剪牙、断尾和饲养密度对猪的生长、行为和福利指标的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
• [18] Schmolke S A,Li Y Z,Gonyou H W.Effect of group size on performance of growing-finishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):874-878.
• [19] Kaswan S,Patel B H M,Mondal S K,et al.Effect of reduced floor space allowances on performance of crossbred weaner barrows[J].Indian Journal of Animal Research,2015,49(2):241-247.
• [20] Schmolke S A,Li Y Z,Gonyou H W.Effects of group size on social behavior following regrouping of growing-finishing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2004,88(1):27-38.
• [21] Johnston L J,Li Y Z. Performance and well-being of sows housed in pens retrofitted from gestation stalls[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(12):5937-5945.
• [22]张校军,王占彬,鲍伟光,等.不同产圈模式对母猪繁殖性能及应激水平的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(10):2027-2036.
• [23] Rault J L.Social interaction patterns according to stocking density and time post-mixing in group-housed gestating sows[J].Animal Production Science,2016,57(5):896-902.
• [24]张俊玲,顾宪红.妊娠母猪限位栏和群饲系统比较[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(2):85-90.
• [25]于韵青,包军.不同饲养模式对妊娠母猪行为、唾液皮质醇和淀粉酶水平的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(13):69-73.
• [26]王树华,韩一超.不同饲养模式对群养初产母猪血清生殖激素水平的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2017,49(1):36-38.
• [27]王树华,马启军,穆秀梅,等.母猪精细化饲养管理策略[J].中国畜牧业,2008(23):44-45.
• [28] Oliviero C,Heinonen M,Valros A,et al. Environmental and sow-related factors affecting the duration of farrowing[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2010,119(1/2):85.
• [29]梁龙华,柏秀芳,覃小荣,等.静态母猪饲养管理系统(Velos)与传统限位栏饲养对妊娠母猪影响的比较研究[J].饲料研究,2016(2):28-30.
• [30] Baxter E M,Adeleye O O,Jack M C,et al.Achieving optimum performance in a loose-housed farrowing system for sows:The effects of space and temperature[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2015,169:9-16.
• [31]周水岳,杨润泉,郭球松,等.温湿度和有害气体对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017(12):101-106.
• [32] Andersen I L,Be K E,Hove K.Behavioural and physiolgical thermoregulation in groups of pregnant sows housed in a kennel system at low temperatures[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2000,80(1):1-8.
• [33] Damm B I,Pedersen L J.Long-stemmed straw as an additional nesting material in modified Schmid pens in a commercial breeding unit:effects on sow behaviour,and on piglet mortality and growth[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,92(1):45-60.
• [34] Larsen M L V,Andersen H M L,Pedersen L J.Which is the most preventive measure against tail damage in finisher pigs:tail docking,straw provision or lowered stocking density?[J].Animal,2018,12(6):1260-1267.
• [35] Vermeer H M,Ncpmm D K,Mbm B.Exploration Feeding and Higher Space Allocation Improve Welfare of GrowingFinishing Pigs[J].Animals An Open Access Journal from Mdpi,2017,7(5):1-6.
• [36] Jin H C,Kim I H.Effect of stocking density on pig production[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(63):13688-13692.
• [37] Kim K H,Kim K S,Kim J E,et al.The effect of optimal space allowance on growth performance and physiological responses of pigs at different stages of growth[J].Animal,2017,11(3):478-485.
• [38] Valros A,Munsterhjelm C,Puolanne E,et al.Physiological indicators of stress and meat and carcass characteristics in tail bitten slaughter pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2013,55(1):75.
• [39] Sidhu P,Shojaee A F,Andrews M,et al.Tissue chamber model of acute inflammation in farm animal species[J]. Research in Veterinary Science,2003,74(1):67-77.
• [40] Turner S P,Dahlgren M,Arey D S,et al.Effect of social group size and initial live weight on feeder space requirement of growing pigs given food ad libitum[J].Animal Science,2002,75(1):75-83.
• [41] Li L,Chen S,Li X,et al.Intestinal microbiota in growing pigs:effects of stocking density[J].Food and Agricultural Immunology,2017(6):1-12.
• [42] Vanhonacker F,Verbeke W,Poucke E V,et al. Societal concern related to stocking density,pen size and group size in farm animal production[J].Livestock Science,2009,123(1):16-22.
• [43] Marcoramell A,Pato R,Pea R,et al.Identification of serum stress biomarkers in pigs housed at different stocking densities[J].Veterinary Journal,2011,190(2):66-71.
• [44] Jskelinen T,Kauppinen T,Vesala K,et al. Relationships between pig welfare,productivity and farmer disposition[J].Animal Welfare,2014,23(23):435-443.
• [45] Thomas L L,Goodband R D,Tokach M D,et al.115 Effects of stocking density on finishing pig growth performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Sup.2):54.
• [46]李超,郝海玉,孙玲玉,等.猪舍环境气载微生物监测[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(10):1684-1692.